Everything about Khutbah totally explained
Khutbah (
Arabic: (خطبة
khuṭbah)) serves as the primary formal occasion for public
preaching in the
Islamic tradition.
Such sermons occur regularly, as prescribed by the teachings of all legal schools, at the
dhuhr (noon) congregation
prayer on Friday. In addition, similar sermons are called for on the
two festival days, or in response to an eclipse or excessive drought.
Origins and definition
Religious oratory (including sermons) may be pronounced in a variety of settings and at various times. The
khutbah, however, refers to
khutbat al-jum�a, usually meaning the address delivered in the mosque at weekly and annual rituals. Other religious oratory and occasions of preaching are described as
dars (a lesson) or
waz (an admonition), and their formats differ accordingly.
Delivery
At the beginning of the service the
adhan is given, during which the
k̲h̲aṭīb (the individual who delivers the khutbah) remains sitting. The
iqama is given when the
k̲h̲aṭīb descends. The Sermon is delivered in two parts. Both parts are delivered while
khatib is standing and punctuated by a pause in between them when the
k̲h̲aṭīb sits down. During the sermon itself, it's obligatory to pronounce the following:
the ṣalāt on the Prophet,
recitation of a part of the Qur'an in the first part of the Sermon or, according to some doctors, in both,
admonitions to piety in both parts of the Sermon,
and duʿā (prayer) on behalf of the faithful.k̲h̲aṭīb must be in a state of ritual purity; his dress must be in accord with the prescriptions. It is commendable for the k̲h̲aṭīb to be on a pulpit or an elevated place; to salute the congregation when directing himself towards them; to sit down until the adhan is pronounced by the muʾad̲h̲d̲h̲in; and to direct himself straightway to his audience. Finally the k̲h̲aṭīb should make the Sermon short.
In medieval Islam, Sermons were generally delivered in classical Arabic. This linguistic requirement that required substantial training on the part of the khatib, and a notable degree of education on the part of listeners, especially non-Arab Muslims. This expectation contributed to the growth of a literary genre consisting of model sermons, such as those by the renowned ibn Nubata (d. 984). Later on, however, preaching in colloquial languages, while often retaining certain Arabic expressions, has become increasingly common.
Related concept
Abu-al-Faraj ibn Al-Jawzi writes in his Ru'ūs al-Qawārīr of a similar concept also called khutbah. Also referred to by the same name as the Sermon, this concept was different. Its primary purpose wasn't to admonish, instruct or reprove, but rather to to exalt and praise God. It invited others to worship and celebrate God's greatness. Ibn al-Jawzi employed a variety of metaphors and alluded to nature frequently.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Khutbah'.
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